從 Testing Library 遷移
遷移原則
這個指南描述了從 DOM Testing Library、React Testing Library、Vue Testing Library 和 Svelte Testing Library 遷移到 Playwright 的 Experimental Component Testing。
如果你在瀏覽器中使用 DOM Testing Library(例如,你使用 webpack 打包端到端測試),你可以直接切換到 Playwright Test。以下範例專注於元件測試,但對於端到端測試,你只需將 await mount
替換為 await page.goto('http://localhost:3000/')
來打開測試頁面。
Cheat Sheet
Testing Library | Playwright |
---|---|
screen | page 和 component |
queries | locators |
async helpers | assertions |
user events | actions |
await user.click(screen.getByText('Click me')) | await component.getByText('Click me').click() |
await user.click(await screen.findByText('Click me')) | await component.getByText('Click me').click() |
await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), 'secret') | await component.getByLabel('Password').fill('secret') |
expect(screen.getByLabelText('Password')).toHaveValue('secret') | await expect(component.getByLabel('Password')).toHaveValue('secret') |
screen.getByRole('button', { pressed: true }) | component.getByRole('button', { pressed: true }) |
screen.getByLabelText('...') | component.getByLabel('...') |
screen.queryByPlaceholderText('...') | component.getByPlaceholder('...') |
screen.findByText('...') | component.getByText('...') |
screen.getByTestId('...') | component.getByTestId('...') |
render(<Component />); | mount(<Component />); |
const { unmount } = render(<Component />); | const { unmount } = await mount(<Component />); |
const { rerender } = render(<Component />); | const { update } = await mount(<Component />); |
範例
測試函式庫:
import React from 'react';
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
test('sign in', async () => {
// Setup the page.
const user = userEvent.setup();
render(<SignInPage />);
// Perform actions.
await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Username'), 'John');
await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), 'secret');
await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' }));
// Verify signed in state by waiting until "Welcome" message appears.
expect(await screen.findByText('Welcome, John')).toBeInTheDocument();
});
逐行遷移到 Playwright Test:
const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/experimental-ct-react'); // 1
test('sign in', async ({ mount }) => { // 2
// Setup the page.
const component = await mount(<SignInPage />); // 3
// Perform actions.
await component.getByLabel('Username').fill('John'); // 4
await component.getByLabel('Password').fill('secret');
await component.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' }).click();
// Verify signed in state by waiting until "Welcome" message appears.
await expect(component.getByText('Welcome, John')).toBeVisible(); // 5
});
遷移重點 (請參閱 Playwright Test 程式碼片 段中的內嵌註釋):
- 從
@playwright/experimental-ct-react
(或 -vue, -svelte)匯入所有內容以進行元件測試,或從@playwright/test
進行端到端測試。 - 測試函式會給予一個與其他測試隔離的
page
,以及在此頁面中渲染元件的mount
。這些是 Playwright Test 中的兩個有用的 fixtures。 - 將
render
替換為mount
,它會返回一個元件定位器。 - 使用 locator.locator() 或 page.locator() 建立的定位器來執行大多數操作。
- 使用斷言來驗證狀態。
遷移查詢
所有像 getBy...
、findBy...
、queryBy...
以及它們的多元素對應項都被替換為 component.getBy...
定位器。定位器總是自動等待並在需要時重試,因此你不必擔心選擇正確的方法。當你想要進行列表操作時,例如斷言一個文本列表,Playwright 會自動執行多元素操作。
替換 waitFor
Playwright 包含斷言會自動等待條件成立,所以通常不需要明確呼叫 waitFor
/waitForElementToBeRemoved
。
// Testing Library
await waitFor(() => {
expect(getByText('the lion king')).toBeInTheDocument();
});
await waitForElementToBeRemoved(() => queryByText('the mummy'));
// Playwright
await expect(page.getByText('the lion king')).toBeVisible();
await expect(page.getByText('the mummy')).toBeHidden();
當你找不到合適的斷言時,請使用 expect.poll
。
await expect.poll(async () => {
const response = await page.request.get('https://api.example.com');
return response.status();
}).toBe(200);
替換 within
你可以使用 locator.locator() 方法在另一個定位器內建立定位器。
// Testing Library
const messages = document.getElementById('messages');
const helloMessage = within(messages).getByText('hello');
// Playwright
const messages = component.getByTestId('messages');
const helloMessage = messages.getByText('hello');
Playwright Test 超能力
一旦你使用 Playwright 測試,你會獲得很多!
- 完整的零配置 TypeScript 支援
- 在所有網頁引擎(Chrome, Firefox, Safari)上執行測試,適用於任何流行的作業系統(Windows, macOS, Ubuntu)
- 完整支援多個來源,(i)frames, 分頁和上下文
- 在多個瀏覽器中平行獨立執行測試
- 內建測試 artifact collection
你還會獲得所有這些 ✨ 很棒的工具 ✨,這些工具與 Playwright Test 一起捆綁提供:
- Visual Studio Code 整合
- UI 模式 用於偵錯測試,提供完整的時間旅行體驗和監視模式
- Playwright Inspector
- Playwright Test 程式碼產生器
- Playwright Tracing 用於事後偵錯
延伸閱讀
了解更多關於 Playwright 測試執行器: